Casuistry in Action. Individuals’ Challenge to Eugenic Collectivism as Seen in Court Cases in Japan

The 1948 Eugenic Protection Law (Yūsei hogo hō) in Japan ushered in a collectivist, utilitarian, generalized paradigm in Japanese social life and jurisprudence. The individual, whether as unwanted child, diseased adult, or social inferior, was aborted, sterilized, quarantined, and otherwise removed from the collective under ideological cover of eugenics and other such totalizing schemes. However, in court cases in recent years, the Japanese authorities have begun to look again, even for the first time, at the individuals who were harmed and disregarded in the eugenic postwar. In this essay, I rely on a July, 2024 Japanese Supreme Court ruling, and other recent court cases, to track «casuistry in action» that is, the irrepressible individual in court cases and social life and the contingency, disruptive to all totalizing ideologies, which the individual always brings. I understand the casuistry of recent court cases in Japan to be a victory for contingency and a challenge to eugenics and the set pattern of laws.

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